CEO Nvidia đến Bắc Kinh giữa căng thẳng AI Mỹ-Trung, khôn khéo “né” vấn đề pin và đất hiếm

 

  • Jensen Huang – CEO của Nvidia – đã có mặt tại Bắc Kinh để tổ chức họp báo 95 phút sau khi chính quyền Trump bất ngờ cho phép nối lại việc bán chip AI H20 cho Trung Quốc.

  • Dù mới gặp ông Trump vài ngày trước, Huang phủ nhận ảnh hưởng đến quyết định nới lỏng xuất khẩu, khẳng định ông chỉ "thông báo về công nghệ" cho Tổng thống.

  • Nvidia hiện là công ty đầu tiên trên thế giới đạt giá trị thị trường 4.000 tỷ USD. Nhiều hệ thống AI tiên tiến nhất đều dựa vào chip của hãng này.

  • Chính quyền Mỹ từng áp lệnh cấm từ 3 nhiệm kỳ tổng thống để ngăn Trung Quốc tiếp cận công nghệ AI cao cấp, khiến Nvidia phải dừng bán chip mạnh nhất tại Trung Quốc.

  • Tuy nhiên, Trung Quốc đang đẩy mạnh tự chủ công nghệ AI, với Huawei phát triển chip thay thế Nvidia nhờ sự hậu thuẫn từ chính phủ.

  • Huang nhấn mạnh: “Lãnh đạo công nghệ cần thị trường lớn”, cho thấy tầm quan trọng chiến lược của Trung Quốc – nơi chiếm 17 tỷ USD doanh thu Nvidia năm tài chính vừa qua.

  • Nvidia đã vận động hành lang nhiều tháng tại Washington để duy trì quyền bán chip cho Trung Quốc. Việc bán lại H20 giúp tiêu thụ lượng hàng tồn trị giá hàng tỷ USD.

  • Trung Quốc gần đây cũng ra các biện pháp kiểm soát xuất khẩu công nghệ, như yêu cầu giấy phép cho chuyển giao 8 loại công nghệ pin xe điện ra nước ngoài.

  • Ngoài ra, Trung Quốc đã áp dụng hạn chế với dysprosium – kim loại đất hiếm chủ yếu được tinh luyện tại nước này và được dùng trong chip của Nvidia.

  • Huang tỏ ra thận trọng, nói rằng nhu cầu về dysprosium của công ty “không nhiều” và lượng tồn kho toàn cầu đủ dùng. Ông từ chối bình luận sâu về các biện pháp kiểm soát pin hoặc đất hiếm.

  • Ông cũng thừa nhận các biện pháp kiểm soát xuất khẩu "sẽ không biến mất" và là "trụ cột của an ninh quốc gia".

📌 CEO Nvidia Jensen Huang khéo léo duy trì thế cân bằng giữa Mỹ và Trung Quốc, sau khi Mỹ nới lỏng lệnh cấm chip AI H20. Nvidia tránh đề cập trực tiếp đến các lệnh kiểm soát đất hiếm và công nghệ pin từ phía Trung Quốc. Trung Quốc đóng góp 17 tỷ USD doanh thu và vẫn là thị trường chiến lược không thể thiếu cho Nvidia giữa cạnh tranh AI toàn cầu.

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/16/business/nvidia-jensen-huang-beijing.html

Nvidia C.E.O. Treads Carefully in Beijing

Jensen Huang, the chipmaker’s chief executive, is trying to balance his company’s interests as the United States and China compete for supremacy in artificial intelligence.
Keith Bradsher reported from Beijing and Meaghan Tobin from New York.
Nvidia is celebrating its renewed ability to sell certain artificial intelligence computer chips in China, after the Trump administration this week lifted key restrictions.
But Jensen Huang isn’t about to take any credit for the change.
The chief executive of the Silicon Valley chip giant used a 95-minute press briefing on Wednesday in Beijing to play down his role in persuading President Trump to allow chip sales to China. He distanced himself, too, from China’s latest export controls, suggesting even the restrictions on a rare earth metal used in chips wouldn’t affect the company.
Mr. Huang has met with senior officials in Washington and Beijing in the past few days, including Mr. Trump, to promote artificial intelligence and his company’s central role in the industry. Many of the world’s most advanced A.I. systems are powered by calculations done on Nvidia’s chips. Last week, the company became the first public firm to reach $4 trillion in market value.
“I don’t think I changed his mind,” Mr. Huang said of Mr. Trump. “It’s my job to inform the president about what I know very well, which is the technology industry, artificial intelligence, the developments of A.I. around the world.”
 
Mr. Huang’s apparent modesty underscores the balancing act he must play between the world’s two largest economies as they compete for primacy over artificial intelligence. Three presidential administrations in Washington have tried to hold back China’s A.I. capabilities by cutting off the flow of advanced chips, including by restricting Nvidia’s sales to Chinese companies.
 
At the same time, Beijing has emphasized self-reliance in the A.I. industry, as it has for electric vehicles and solar panels. Government ministries have pushed Chinese companies to make everything they need for A.I. on their own. With Beijing’s backing, Chinese companies like the telecommunications giant Huawei have been racing to develop alternatives to Nvidia’s technology.
Mr. Huang used his remarks to encourage more cooperation between the two countries. China, he said, has half the world’s A.I. researchers and is such a big market that American technology companies must do business there to stay competitive.
“Technology leadership requires big markets,” he said.
Until this week, it looked like Washington’s latest controls would result in Nvidia taking a multibillion-dollar hit on inventory it had planned to sell in China. China accounted for $17 billion of Nvidia’s revenue during its last fiscal year, according to the advisory firm Bernstein Research.
Nvidia has spent months lobbying politicians across Washington to keep selling chips to China. Last Thursday, Mr. Huang met with President Trump.
 
Then, on Monday Nvidia said the U.S. government had approved sales, with a license, of a chip the company had developed to sell to China known as the H20.
The decision would allow Chinese tech companies to restart purchases of the H20. Mr. Huang said on Wednesday that some inventory that previously looked unsalable could now be sold, but declined to estimate how much.
Now, China is imposing its own controls on the overseas transfer of technology. The Ministry of Commerce announced on Tuesday that any further overseas transfers of eight kinds of electric car battery chemistry technology would first require the issuance of licenses by the Chinese government.
Nvidia has found itself facing Chinese export controls around a rare earth metal called dysprosium that it uses in many of its chips but in small quantities. Beijing put controls on the metal, which is refined almost exclusively in China, in April.
 
But Mr. Huang said he hadn’t discussed that issue with Chinese officials in their meetings this week, and suggested that enough dysprosium remains available for Nvidia’s needs.
“The volume we use is not that high in the grand scheme of things — I think the amount of overall inventory around the world is sufficient for us,” he said.
Asked whether he had discussed China’s rare earth or battery technology restrictions on Wednesday with Chinese officials, Mr. Huang replied with a laconic “no.”
Mr. Huang had previously described Washington’s export controls as a failure and said they had served to spur Nvidia’s Chinese rivals. On Wednesday, Mr. Huang admitted that export controls were unlikely to disappear. “Export control as a pillar of national security, and export control as a regime for global exchange, I think is here,” he added.
The Trump administration has had little response so far to the decision by China’s Ministry of Commerce on Tuesday to impose limits on the transfer of battery chemistry technology a day after the United States allowed the sale of advanced computer chips to China.
 
Democrats have been more worried. Senator Chris Coons of Delaware assailed Mr. Trump in a statement for “giving China a tool that will strengthen their economy and military” with the chips, while China restricted battery technology “we need for our own economy and security.”
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